A comparative phylogenetic analysis of full-lengthmariner elements isolated from the Indian tasar silkmoth, Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: saturniidae)

Mariner like elements (MLEs) are widely distributed type II transposons with an open reading frame (ORF) for transposase. We studied comparative phylogenetic evolution and inverted terminal repeat (ITR) conservation of MLEs from Indian saturniid silkmoth,Antheraea mylitta with other full length MLEs submitted in the database. Full length elements fromA. mylitta were inactive with multiple mutations. Many conserved amino acid blocks were identified after aligning transposase sequences. Mariner signature sequence, DD(34)D was almost invariable although a few new class of elements had different signatures.A. mylitta MLEs(Anmmar) get phylogenetically classified under cecropia subfamily and cluster closely with the elements from other Bombycoidea superfamily members implying vertical transmission from a common ancestor. ITR analysis showed a conserved sequence of AGGT(2-8N)ATAAGT for forward repeat and AGGT(2-8N)ATGAAAT for reverse repeat. These results and additional work may help us to understand the dynamics of MLE distribution inA. mylitta and construction of appropriate vectors for mariner mediated transgenics

Tuberous sclerosis with giant renal angiomyolipoma and sclerotic skeletal lesions in a geriatric patient: role of imaging

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare inherited neurocutaneous syndrome, which has multisystem involvement. We present a geriatric female patient with chronic abdominal pain who was diagnosed with giant renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and multiple sclerotic skeletal lesions. Radiological imaging played an important role in identifying these two features and diagnosing tuberous sclerosis in our case

Large duplicated gallbladder: a rare congenital anomaly

Gall bladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly, which may be asymptomatic or may present with disorders similar to that of a single gall bladder. The finding is important due to its association with biliary ductal and hepatic arterial anatomical variations, which may lead to inadvertent complications during laparoscopic surgery. We present a case of duplicated gallbladder with one of the gall bladder appearing large, elongated and coiled, without signs of cholelithiasis / cholecystitis. MRCP was helpful in tracing the two cystic ducts. This case emphasizes on importance of pre-operative anatomical delineation with MRCP in unsuspecting cases in order to minimize the incidence of post surgical complications

Anthraquinone functionalized carbon composite electrode: Application to ammonia sensing

A simple strategy has been used to covalently modify the glassy carbon spheres with anthraquinone moieties through the diazonium salt reduction. The derivatized glassy carbon spheres were used to modify the basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode by immobilizing them on its surface and examining its electrochemical behaviour. The composite electrode has been used to detect trace level ammonia in the concentration range 5 à 10-8 to 3 à 10-5 M and it was successfully applied to detect low levels of ammonia present in natural samples like urine and soil. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Improvement Of Power Excellence In Sharing Scheme Using Distribution Static Compensator

Enhanced power sag, harmonic distortion and low power object using a static distribution compensator (D-STATCOM) has a passive LCL filter in the phase system. The mode is based on the voltage source transformer core (VSC). D-STATCOM introduces current system to stabilize electrical sag. Then a negative LLC filter was added to D-STATCOM to correct harmonics and low power factor. The music was performed with MATLAB SIMULINK. D-STATCOM (Static Distribution Compensator), shown professionally in the figure, contains a two-segment voltage source transformer (VSC), a DC power storage device, and a coupling transformer connected in the switch to the distribution network via a coupling transformer. IVSC converts a DC crossover storage device to create a range of three phase AC voltages. These voltages are in phase and connected to the AC system through a plug-in transformer experiment. Adequate adjustment of D-STATCOM's phase and output voltages allow for effective control of the active and efficient electrical exchange between D-STATCOM and AC system. This adjustment allows the device to inject or eject an active and efficient control panel

Solar Mean Magnetic Field of the Chromosphere

The Solar Mean Magnetic Field (SMMF) is the mean value of the line of sight (LOS) component of the solar vector magnetic field averaged over the visible hemisphere of the Sun. So far, the studies on SMMF have mostly been confined to the magnetic field measurements at the photosphere. In this study, we calculate and analyse the SMMF using magnetic field measurements at the chromosphere, in conjunction with that of photospheric measurements. For this purpose, we have used full disk LOS magnetograms derived from spectropolarimetric observations carried out in Fe I 630.15 nm and Ca II 854.2 nm by the Synoptic Optical Long term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS)/Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) instrument during 2010 to 2017. It is found from this study that the SMMF at the chromosphere is weaker by a factor of 0.60 compared to the SMMF at the upper photosphere. The correlation analysis between them gives a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.80. The similarity and reduced intensity of the chromospheric SMMF with respect to the photospheric SMMF corroborate the idea that it is the source of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF).Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure, 3 table

The effect of magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine on motor and sensory supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade

Background: Magnesium is a physiologic cation that blocks neuromuscular transmission and does not allow the nerve to be stimulated. This study investigates the effect of adding magnesium sulfate to 0.5% bupivacaine to extend the duration of sensory and motor blocks of the supraclavicular brachial plexus in orthopedic surgeries of the upper extremities.Methods: This controlled randomized double-blind study was performed on patients who were candidates for orthopedic surgery of the upper extremities. A total of 60 patients between 18 and 60 years with ASA Class 1 or 2 participated in the study. One Group M received 0.5% bupivacaine (1.5 mg/kg) with magnesium sulfate 20% (3 ml) as the case group, while the second Group P received 0.5% bupivacaine (1.5 mg/kg) with normal saline (3 ml) as a placebo to block the supraclavicular brachial plexus using nerve locator. The duration of the sensory and motor block of the supraclavicular brachial plexus was monitored and evaluated using the pinprick and modified Bromage scale.Results: A total of 60 patients were included in the study with 30 patients having received 0.5% bupivacaine plus magnesium and the other 30 patients having received 0.5% bupivacaine plus normal saline. The mean sensory block duration in the case Group M was 249±9.36 and in control Group P was 160±5.62 (p<0.39). The mean motor block duration in the case Group M was 232±9.64 and in control Group P was 147±26.52 (both p<0.32). The mean onset of sensory block in case Group M was 15.5±2.16 and the onset block in control Group P was 12.73±1.18 (p<0.49; statistically not significant). The mean onset of motor block in case Group M was 23.5±1.1 and the onset block in control Group P was 41±3 (p<0.53; statistically not significant).Conclusions: The addition of magnesium sulfate to 0.5% bupivacaine increased the duration of motor and sensory supraclavicular brachial block in the upper extremities during surgeries when compared to the use of 0.5% bupivacaine alone, though statistically not significant, but definitely in clinically significant proportions

Morphological and molecular characterization of a new microsporidian (Protozoa: Microsporidia) isolated from Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A microsporidium was isolated from larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) collected from Tamil Nadu, India. This microsporidian species is monomorphic, disporous and develops in direct contact with the cytoplasm of the host cell. The nuclear configuration of merogonic and sporogonic stages was diplokaryotic. The merogonic proliferative stage was unusual that normal development with 1, 2 and 4 binucleated forms were common, while large multinucleate meronts containing 8 and 12 small compact horseshoe-like diplokaryotic nuclei were also observed. The fresh spores were typically ovocylindrical in shape, with a mean size of 3.91× 1.91 μm and the polar filament length was ~90 μm. Infection was systemic with mature spores produced in the midgut, nervous tissue, muscles, labial glands, gonads, tracheae, epidermis, Malpighian tubules and, most extensively, fat body tissues. The new isolate was highly pathogenic to S. litura larvae. Host specificity tests performed on 37 non-target hosts of 5 different insect orders revealed that the new isolate is pathogenic only to lepidopteran insects. We sequenced the 16S small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene of the isolate and compared it with 72 non-redundant microsporidian sequences from the GenBank. Based on the light microscopic studies and phylogenetic analyses, the new isolate is assigned to the genus Nosema. Significant differences in the SSU rRNA sequence were identified when compared with the type species Nosema bombycis and other closely related species viz., Nosema spodopterae. Structural differences were also observed in the 16S SSU rRNA between the new isolate and the two above-mentioned microsporidian pathogens. We conclude that the microsporidian isolate reported here is distinctly different from the other known species and is likely to be a new species

Simulative Analysis with QRED to Decrease Packet Loss

Communication networks are facing packet loss at routers, where different approaches are used to reduce. Similarly RED is one of them, that existing RED [1] [2] algorithm and its variants are found in flow controlling. For minimizing dropping of packets and reducing buffer overflow. This paper propose a new routing algorithm in which additional FIFO controlled queue buffer before existing RED algorithm, to increases performance and throughput of the router. It is experimented and improvements in results are shown with help of OMNet++